Sodium (Na) – sodium concentration tests are performed to determine and assess electrolyte-liquid balance and dehydration. Sodium is the most important electrolyte between cells, regulating water metabolism in the body. It is also important in maintaining acid-base balance and is involved in muscle contraction reactions. Sodium intake varies depending on the amount of fluid intake and loss, or on the amount of sodium intake itself (in food or supplements).

Sodium levels should be monitored for kidney disease, acute inflammation, tumours, diuretics (urinary stimulants), heart failure, vomiting or diarrhoea.

Normal sodium levels in the body are maintained by hormonal and renal regulatory mechanisms. Sodium testing is important for patients with kidney disease, acute inflammation, tumours, heart failure, vomiting or diarrhoea.

Low sodium levels in the body can cause unpleasant symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, weakness, seizures and low arterial blood pressure. An increase in blood sodium causes fluid retention in the body, leading to dehydration, which can lead to high venous pressure and pulmonary oedema. Sodium spikes can be caused by insufficient fluid intake, water loss, excessive sodium intake, kidney failure and Cushing’s syndrome.

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