It is often ordered together with an aspartate aminotransferase (AST) test for the diagnosis or evaluation of liver disease. AST and ALT are considered the two most important tests for detecting liver damage.

A screening test to assess liver dysfunction or kidney disease. It is also suitable for assessing nutritional status (especially in hospitalised patients).

It is an indicator of bone and liver pathology. Important to note: sometimes an increase in this enzyme can be due to the patient’s blood being tested after a meal.

The indicator is useful in detecting contact with streptococcal infection.

Investigation of liver damage. It is often ordered together with an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test for the diagnosis or evaluation of liver disease. AST and ALT are considered the two most important tests for detecting liver damage.

The C-reactive protein (CRB) test is used to detect inflammation when tissue damage or inflammation caused by infection is suspected.

It is recommended when changes in total calcium levels are detected.

It is used to diagnose and monitor the effectiveness of treatment in ovarian cancer.

It is used to diagnose and monitor the effectiveness of treatment in breast cancer.

CA 19-9 has a clinical sensitivity of 70-80% for pancreatic cancer. Evaluated together with CEA as a secondary marker for gallbladder, colon and stomach cancer; for liver metastases.

The best laboratory indicator for gastric cancer. Blood levels of the indicator are monitored to track the progress of gastric cancer

Determined by assessing electrolyte-liquid balance.

Cholesterol testing differs from many other tests in that it is not only used to detect disease, but also to assess the risk of disease – especially ischaemic heart disease.

Chorionic gonadotropin is the main laboratory test for normal pregnancy. It can also be used as a marker for cancer.

The test is used to assess kidney function and monitor the treatment of kidney disease.

Chronic infection with cytomegalovirus or a history of contact with the causative agent. CMV IgG can be detected 7-14 days after infection.

Cytomegalovirus infection is detected during the acute period. CMV IgMs appear in the blood as early as 3-4 days after the start of infection and persist for several months (after which they degrade).

The microscopic blood test is definitive. It is used to more accurately assess blood cells.

The test is performed in combination with other laboratory and instrumental (imaging, non-laboratory) tests to exclude the diagnoses of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and stroke.

Infectious mononucleosis is an acute viral infection characterised by fever, sore throat and enlarged lymph nodes. The source of infection is people with acute or chronic infectious mononucleosis, as well as healthy carriers.

The test indicates a history of contact, active infection or viral relapse.

The study shows an acute infection of infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus. The increase in IgM antibodies to EBV capsid antigen (Epstein barr) disappears within 4-6 weeks.

It is performed to distinguish chronic inflammation from acute, bacterial or viral inflammation.

The IgG antibody test for tick-borne encephalitis is administered 3-4 weeks after the injection to determine the course of the chronic disease or to assess a pre-existing infection.

Tick-borne encephalitis is a dangerous infectious disease spread by ticks. Unpasteurised milk can also cause infection.

The test is designed to assess how much iron is stored in the body.

It is a protein involved in clotting. Once its plasma levels have been determined, further testing for other coagulation indicators may be needed.

It is used to detect disease in the following organs: liver, bone marrow, intestines, and to determine the cause of anaemia. Changes in red blood cells (erythrocytes) are also common.

One of the most sensitive indicators of cholestatic liver syndrome, alcoholic and toxic liver injury, and liver metastases, with an increase that can become apparent early in the disease.

The test is needed to monitor people for diabetes mellitus, elevated glucose levels (hyperglycaemia) or reduced glucose levels (hypoglycaemia).

HDL cholesterol testing is used to properly assess the risk of cardiovascular disease.

It allows you to identify whether a person is infected with H. pylori, as well as those with signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal disease and asymptomatic individuals.

A serological blood test shows specific IgG antibodies against Helicobacter pylori. It causes stomach and duodenal diseases.

The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) test is used to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease.

The test is used to assess nutritional status when deficiencies of folic acid, vitamin B6 and/or vitamin B12 are suspected. It is used to diagnose the rare birth defect homocystinuria.

Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) testing is used as an aid in the diagnosis of allergies, sometimes to check for parasitic infections.

The LDH test is primarily used as a general indicator of the fact and severity of acute or chronic tissue damage. It is also used to assess the course of certain chronic diseases such as cancer, kidney and liver disease.

LDL cholesterol testing is used to properly assess the risk of cardiovascular disease.

If your periods are irregular, the blood test should be carried out daily, starting on the 8th day before the expected start of your period. Determining the maximum concentration allows you to assess the best time of day to get pregnant.

The later stages of Lyme disease and chronic disease are indicated by IgG antibodies, which start circulating in the blood 4-6 weeks after the infected tick bites. Elevated levels of these antibodies can persist for more than a year after contracting Lyme disease.

Lyme disease (borreliosis) is a dangerous infectious disease spread by ticks.

The test is used to determine the magnesium level in the blood, to assess the severity of kidney disease or uncontrolled diabetes, to diagnose gastrointestinal disorders, and to evaluate the causes of changes in calcium, potassium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (PTH).

To detect chronic infection caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae or previous contact with the causative agent. Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgG titre rises later, after 3-4 weeks.

For the diagnosis of acute infection caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Mycoplasma pneumoniae serum primary M-class antibody (IgM) titres rise after approximately 2 weeks. from the time of infection or even later, and disappears within about a year.

Sodium levels should be monitored for kidney disease, acute inflammation, tumours, diuretics (urinary stimulants), heart failure, vomiting or diarrhoea.

Blood levels of progesterone are used to confirm that the body is ovulating. The progesterone test can be used to determine the exact day of ovulation at various intervals.

Prolactin testing is needed to diagnose a tumour of the pituitary gland called prolactinoma, and after a diagnosis of prolactinoma, to monitor the treatment of the disease and to assess whether the treatment is effective.

The most important test is to diagnose the prostate carriage and monitor treatment. It is also used for preventive screening of men over 30 years of age for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.

A convenient test to assess the diagnosis, prognosis and course of joint disease.

Testosterone levels in women’s bodies may indicate the development of certain tumours. It may be reduced in cirrhosis, estrogen treatment, and in marked obesity.

The thyrotropin test is needed for screening and diagnosis of thyroid diseases (it is the most sensitive indicator of thyroid dysfunction), for monitoring the treatment of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and for investigating the causes of female infertility.

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland. The free thyroxine test is much more accurate. Two parameters (TTH and FT4) are very important in differentiating between thyroid diseases.

This test shows whether the patient has sufficient immunity to tick-borne encephalitis and when re-vaccination is needed.

It is an indicator of liver and gallbladder function. This test alone is not of great value in the diagnosis of the disease, and should be accompanied by a direct bilirubin test. It is performed in case of suspicion of: liver tumours, gallbladder stones, anaemia, cirrhosis, poisoning of the liver with poison.

It is performed on people suffering from kidney, bone, heart, nervous system and dental diseases.

The test is used to assess a patient’s nutritional status, or to evaluate for liver or kidney problems or a number of other diseases. If the result of the total protein test is abnormal, further tests are needed to determine the cause of the condition.

Triacylglycerol testing is used to properly assess the risk of cardiovascular disease.

It is a thyroid hormone produced in the tissues from thyroxine. Testing for free triiodothyronine is more accurate than total triiodothyronine. It is prescribed when thyroid disease is suspected.

It is used to assess kidney function and is more reflective of total kidney function.

Used to diagnose gout. Elevated levels are found in kidney disease.

The CST is a screening test for kidney disease and urinary tract infections.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with weakness, fatigue, mobility problems, joint pain, mouth ulcers, mood swings, impaired vision and memory, and in severe cases, depression.

The test is used to diagnose vitamin D deficiency or excess, and to assess whether abnormalities in laboratory tests reflecting calcium metabolism (calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH)) are due to vitamin D deficiency or excess.

To diagnose pancreatitis or other pancreatic diseases.

This indicator is used to investigate two groups of pathologies: 1.cancers; 2.foetal malformations.

A CBC is a selective automated blood test that provides information on all blood cells (erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets) and the size distribution of cells.

A CBC is a selective automated blood test that provides information on all blood cells (erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets) and the size distribution of cells.

A person has a blood type: 0, A, B, AB and Rh positive or negative. Knowing your blood type is essential for blood transfusions, and should be determined before surgery and when obtaining a driving licence.